Overview and Logic
There are tons of comments in the program source code that is meant to aid the person reading it in comprehension of the code and techniques. This documentation is meant to be a comprehensive guide to provide deep understanding of the code and methods used in the source code.
Lufus is written completely in Python. It uses various other packages and software written in other languages which allow more control for performing almost every task. The program itself doesn't perform any lower hardware level task in most cases but is heavily dependent on the system packages (such as dd and mkfs) for it. Without these system packages, one cannot perform even the most basic tasks in Lufus.